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System Variable Quick Reference. System Variable Quick Reference Skip to main content. Visit AutoCAD Plant 3D forum. AutoCAD Plant 3D Ideas. Share and vote on ideas for future product releases. Work provided on Autodesk Knowledge Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Download Planets 3D for free. No longer actively maintained. A graphical tool for the simulation of the solar system, based on gravity power calculations.
Showing the types of bodies in the Solar SystemA minor planet is an in direct around the (or more broadly, any with a ) that is neither a nor exclusively classified as a. Before 2006 the (IAU) officially used the term minor planet, but during that year's meeting it minor planets and comets into and (SSSBs).Minor planets can be, objects, and other. As of 2019, the orbits of 794,832 minor planets were archived at the, 541,128 of which had received permanent numbers (for the, see ).The first minor planet to be discovered was in 1801. The term minor planet has been used since the 19th century to describe these objects. The term planetoid has also been used, especially for larger (planetary) objects such as those the (IAU) has called since 2006. Historically, the terms asteroid, minor planet, and planetoid have been more or less synonymous.
This terminology has become more complicated by the discovery of numerous minor planets beyond the orbit of, especially trans-Neptunian objects that are generally not considered asteroids. A minor planet seen releasing gas may be dually classified as a comet.Objects are called dwarf planets if their own gravity is sufficient to achieve and form an shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used. Main article:Hundreds of thousands of minor planets have been discovered within the Solar System and thousands more are discovered each month. The Minor Planet Center has documented over 213 million observations and 794,832 minor planets, of which 541,128 have orbits known well enough to be assigned.
Of these, 21,922 have official names. As of 19 May 2019, the lowest-numbered unnamed minor planet is, and the highest-numbered named minor planet is.There are various broad minor-planet populations:.; traditionally, most have been bodies in the inner Solar System., those whose orbits take them inside the orbit of Mars.
Further subclassification of these, based on orbital distance, is used:. orbit inside of Earth's perihelion distance and thus are contained entirely within the orbit of Earth., those that have semi-major axes of less than Earth's and aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun) greater than 0.983 AU. are those asteroids with a semimajor axis greater than Earth's, while having a perihelion distance of 1.017 AU or less. Like Aten asteroids, Apollo asteroids are. are those near- asteroids that approach the orbit of Earth from beyond, but do not cross it. Amor asteroids are further subdivided into four subgroups, depending on where their semimajor axis falls between Earth's orbit and the asteroid belt;., asteroids sharing Earth's orbit and gravitationally locked to it. As of 2011, the only one known is., asteroids sharing Mars's orbit and gravitationally locked to it.
As of 2007, eight such asteroids are known., whose members follow roughly circular orbits between Mars and Jupiter. These are the original and best-known group of asteroids., asteroids sharing Jupiter's orbit and gravitationally locked to it. Numerically they are estimated to equal the main-belt asteroids.; an umbrella term for minor planets in the outer Solar System., bodies in the outer Solar System between Jupiter and Neptune.
They have unstable orbits due to the gravitational influence of the giant planets, and therefore must have come from elsewhere, probably outside Neptune., bodies sharing Neptune's orbit and gravitationally locked to it. Although only a handful are known, there is evidence that Neptune trojans are more numerous than either the asteroids in the asteroid belt or the Jupiter trojans., bodies at or beyond the orbit of, the outermost planet. The, objects inside an apparent population drop-off approximately 55 from the Sun. like, also known as cubewanos, are in primordial, relatively circular orbits that are not in resonance with Neptune., bodies like that are in a 2:3 resonance with Neptune. objects like, with outside the Kuiper belt. These are thought to have been scattered by Neptune.
such as, with both aphelia and outside the Kuiper belt., detached objects with perihelia greater than 75 AU (Sedna, and ). The, a hypothetical population thought to be the source of that may extend to 50,000 from the Sun.Naming conventions. Out of a total of more than 700,000 discovered minor planets, 66% have been numbered (green) and 34% remain unnumbered (red). Only a small fraction of 20,071 minor planets (3%) have been named (purple).All in the Solar System need a distinct designation.
The runs through a three-step process. First, a provisional designation is given upon discovery—because the object still may turn out to be a false positive or —called a provisionally designated minor planet. After the is accurate enough to predict its future location, a minor planet is formally designated and receives a number.
It is then a numbered minor planet. Finally, in the third step, it may be named by its discoverers.
However, only a small fraction of all minor planets have been named. The vast majority are either numbered or have still only a provisional designation. Example of the naming process:. 1932 HA – provisional designation upon discovery on 24 April 1932. (1862) 1932 HA – formal designation, receives an official number.
– named Minor planet, receives a name, the is droppedProvisional designation. Main article:A newly discovered minor planet is given a. For example, the provisional designation consists of the year of discovery (2002) and an alphanumeric code indicating the half-month of discovery and the sequence within that half-month. Once an asteroid's orbit has been confirmed, it is given a number, and later may also be given a name (e.g. The formal naming convention uses parentheses around the number, but dropping the parentheses is quite common. Informally, it is common to drop the number altogether, or to drop it after the first mention when a name is repeated in running text.Minor planets that have been given a number but not a name keep their provisional designation, e.g.
Because modern discovery techniques are finding vast numbers of new asteroids, they are increasingly being left unnamed. The earliest discovered to be left unnamed was for a long time, now; as of September 2008, this distinction is held by (3708). On rare occasions, a small object's provisional designation may become used as a name in itself: the then unnamed gave its 'name' to a group of objects that became known as ('cubewanos') before it was finally named in January 2018.A few objects are cross-listed as both comets and asteroids, such as, which is also listed as.Numbering.
Main article:The first few asteroids were named after figures from and but as such names started to dwindle the names of famous people, literary characters, discoverer's spouses, children, colleagues, and even television characters were used.Gender The first asteroid to be given a non-mythological name was, named after the Greek name for the city of. The first to be given an entirely non-Classical name was, named after Empress, the wife of. For some time only female (or feminized) names were used; was the first man to have an asteroid named after him, but his name was feminized to.
This unspoken tradition lasted until was named; even then, female names show up in the list for years after. Eccentric As the number of asteroids began to run into the hundreds, and eventually, in the thousands, discoverers began to give them increasingly frivolous names. The first hints of this were and, named after the discoverer's pet dogs.
However, there was little controversy about this until 1971, upon the naming of (the name of the discoverer's cat). Although the subsequently banned pet names as sources, eccentric asteroid names are still being proposed and accepted, such as, and,. Discoverer's name A well-established rule is that, unlike comets, minor planets may not be named after their discoverer(s). One way to circumvent this rule has been for astronomers to exchange the courtesy of naming their discoveries after each other. An exception to this rule is, which was named after its discoverer, because she died shortly after the discovery, at age 22. Languages Names were adapted to various languages from the beginning., Ceres being its Anglo-Latin name, was actually named Cerere, the Italian form of the name.
German, French, Arabic, and Hindi use forms similar to the English, whereas Russian uses a form, Tserera, similar to the Italian. In Greek, the name was translated to Δήμητρα , the Greek equivalent of the Roman goddess Ceres.
In the early years, before it started causing conflicts, asteroids named after Roman figures were generally translated in Greek; other examples are Ἥρα for, Ἑστία for, Χλωρίς for, and Πίστη for. In Chinese, the names are not given the Chinese forms of the deities they are named after, but rather typically have a syllable or two for the character of the deity or person, followed by 神 'god(dess)' or 女 'woman' if just one syllable, plus 星 'star/planet', so that most asteroid names are written with three Chinese characters. Thus Ceres is 穀神星 'grain goddess planet', Pallas is 智神星 'wisdom goddess planet', etc. Physical properties of comets and minor planets Commission 15 of the is dedicated to the Physical Study of Comets & Minor Planets.Archival data on the physical properties of comets and minor planets are found in the PDS Asteroid/Dust Archive.
This includes such as the properties of binary systems, occultation timings and diameters, masses, densities, rotation periods, surface temperatures, albedoes, spin vectors, taxonomy, and absolute magnitudes and slopes. In addition, European Asteroid Research Node (E.A.R.N.), an association of asteroid research groups, maintains a Data Base of Physical and Dynamical Properties of Near Earth Asteroids.Most detailed information is available from and.See also.Notes. ^, International Astronomical Union, August 24, 2006. Accessed May 5, 2008. Minor Planet Center.
Retrieved 23 December 2011. ^. Minor Planet Center. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2019. 2010-01-18 at, James L.
Hilton, Astronomical Information Center, United States Naval Observatory. Accessed May 5, 2008. ^ Planet, asteroid, minor planet: A case study in astronomical nomenclature, David W.
Hughes, Brian G. Marsden, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 10, #1 (2007), pp. 21–30.:. Mike Brown, 2012. ^ ', MSN Encarta, Microsoft.
Accessed May 5, 2008. 2009-11-01., additional information, news release IAU0603, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, August 24, 2006. Accessed May 8, 2008.
![Planetoid Planetoid](/uploads/1/2/7/6/127683234/676986127.jpg)
JPL. JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2018-12-30. Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2019-04-08., Near Earth Object Project, NASA, retrieved 2011-12-24. Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian (July 2011), 'Earth's Trojan asteroid', Nature, 475 (7357): 481–483,:,:,. Trilling, David; et al.
(October 2007), 'DDT observations of five Mars Trojan asteroids', Spitzer Proposal ID #465,:. Horner, J.; Evans, N.W.; Bailey, M. 'Simulations of the Population of Centaurs I: The Bulk Statistics'. 354 (3): 798–810.:. IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Dr. David Jewitt. David Jewitt/UCLA.
Retrieved July 1, 2013. Schmadel, Lutz. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved July 1, 2013. Small-Body Database Browser on. Staff (November 28, 2000).
Hubble News Desk. Retrieved 2008-04-15. 谷 'valley' being a common abbreviation of 穀 'grain' that would be formally adopted with. September 29, 2005. Archived from on May 14, 2009.
Retrieved 2010-03-22. Archived from on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2010-03-23.External links.
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